The civilization that built the famous pyramids of Giza was ancient Egypt. These monumental structures were constructed during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, around 2580 to 2560 BC, with the most famous being the Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu. The pyramids served as elaborate tombs for the pharaohs, reflecting their power and religious beliefs in the afterlife. They are a remarkable feat of engineering and symbolize the wealth and sophistication of ancient Egyptian civilization, drawing significant historical and archaeological interest, and are recognized as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.