The ancient culture known for its city-states, including Athens and Sparta, was Ancient Greece. This civilization flourished from about the 8th century BC to the end of antiquity, characterized by its unique political structures, cultural achievements, and advancements in philosophy, art, and science. Athens was a hub of democracy and culture, while Sparta was renowned for its military prowess and austere lifestyle. The rivalry between these city-states significantly influenced Greek history, leading to conflicts such as the Peloponnesian War. Greek culture laid the foundations for Western civilization, shaping political thought, literature, and art that continue to impact society today.