The ancient civilization known for the Epic of Gilgamesh is Sumer. This civilization, which flourished in southern Mesopotamia, is credited with some of the earliest developments in writing, architecture, and urbanization. The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest known literary works, dating back to around 2100 BCE. It tells the story of Gilgamesh, a historical king of Uruk, and explores themes of friendship, mortality, and the quest for immortality. The narrative reflects the values and beliefs of Sumerian society and offers valuable insights into the human experience, stemming from one of the first sophisticated civilizations.