The ancient civilization known for its contributions to philosophy and science is Ancient Greece. Flourishing from the 8th century BC to about 600 AD, it produced profound thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who laid the foundations for Western philosophy. Greek contributions to the sciences included advances in mathematics, astronomy, and biology, with figures like Pythagoras, Archimedes, and Hippocrates making significant impacts. Their inquiries into nature, ethics, politics, and the human condition set the stage for various fields that continue to influence modern thought and inquiry, showcasing the lasting legacy of ancient Greek culture.