The ancient civilization known for its complex irrigation systems and pyramids is the Maya civilization. Flourishing in Mesoamerica from around 2000 BC to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the Maya developed sophisticated agricultural techniques, including raised fields, terraces, and extensive canal systems to manage water and support their cities. They are perhaps best known for their monumental architecture, such as the iconic step pyramids found in sites like Tikal and Chichen Itza, as well as for their advanced writing system, mathematics, and astronomical knowledge. Their contributions significantly impacted the cultural landscape of Central America.