The ancient civilization famed for its monumental stone structures and advanced agricultural practices in the Andes is the Inca Empire. Flourishing from the 15th to the 16th century, the Incas constructed impressive architectural feats like Machupicchu and extensive terraced farming systems to optimize agriculture in the mountainous terrain. Their sophisticated engineering enabled efficient irrigation and crop production, supporting a large population. The Inca's innovative approaches to agriculture contributed to their economic stability and cultural development, leaving a lasting legacy in the Andean region that is still celebrated today.