The ancient civilization associated with the invention of the wheel is Mesopotamia, specifically among the Sumerians. The wheel was first developed around 3500 BC in the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in modern-day Iraq. Initially used for pottery making, the wheel's adaptation for transportation revolutionized trade and movement of goods, significantly impacting the development of society and commerce. This innovation facilitated the rise of cities and complex societies in Mesopotamia, ultimately influencing cultures throughout history. The wheel remains one of humanity's most significant technological advancements, enabling further innovations and progress.