The Second Industrial Revolution occurred roughly between the late 19th century and early 20th century, primarily from the 1870s to the 1910s. This period was characterized by rapid industrial growth driven by advancements in technology and production methods, including significant developments in steel production, electricity, and chemical processes. Innovations like the telegraph, telephone, and railroad expansion transformed communication and transportation. Additionally, this era saw the rise of large-scale manufacturing and the growth of industries such as textiles, automotive, and machinery, fundamentally changing economies and societies, shaping the modern world in technology and labor organization.