Britain granted India self-rule in 1947, a significant milestone achieved after a long struggle for independence led by various nationalist movements, most notably the Indian National Congress and figures like Mahatma Gandhi. After World War II, Britain faced mounting pressure for decolonization due to a combination of factors, including economic strains and increasing demands for sovereignty from Indian leaders. As a result, India was partitioned into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan, marking the end of British colonial rule. This ushered in a new era in which India sought to establish itself as a sovereign nation with its unique identity.