The Age of Imperialism in the 19th century was driven by several key forces, including economic, political, and social factors. Rapid industrialization in Europe generated a demand for new markets and raw materials, prompting nations to seek overseas colonies. Nationalism fueled competition among European powers, as countries aimed to expand their influence and prestige. Additionally, social Darwinism and the belief in racial superiority justified imperialist pursuits, framing them as a civilizing mission. Technological advancements, like steamships and telegraphs, also facilitated imperial expansion, enabling better control and communication over vast territories, which was essential for sustaining empires.