The significance of the spoils system in U.S. politics lies in its establishment of a practice where political leaders awarded government jobs to their supporters, often based on loyalty rather than merit. Instituted by President Andrew Jackson in the 1820s, it aimed to democratize government and reduce elitism. However, it also led to widespread corruption and inefficiency, as unqualified individuals often replaced skilled professionals. Critics argued it undermined the integrity of public service, while supporters claimed it enhanced political participation. The spoils system eventually prompted civil service reforms in the late 19th century to promote merit-based hiring.