The abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire, officially promulgated in 1861, was significant as it marked a pivotal shift from feudalistic social structures to a more modern, capitalist society. Tsar Alexander II's reform aimed to free millions of serfs, granting them personal rights and the opportunity to buy land. This liberation altered the traditional agrarian economy and sought to stimulate economic development by creating a mobile workforce. However, the transition proved complex; many serfs faced challenges in land ownership and economic independence, leading to continued social unrest. The reform ultimately laid the groundwork for future socio-political changes in Russia.