The Code of Hammurabi, established around 1754 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia, is significant as one of the earliest and most comprehensive legal codes in history. Created by King Hammurabi of Babylon, it consists of 282 laws that address various aspects of daily life, trade, and justice. The Code is known for its principle of retributive justice, often summarized by the phrase "an eye for an eye." It aimed to provide a consistent legal framework, protecting the weak and ensuring fairness in society. The Code of Hammurabi has had a profound impact on the development of legal systems in subsequent civilizations.