The significance of the assassination of Julius Caesar in Roman history lies in its pivotal role in the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. Caesar's murder on the Ides of March in 44 BC was motivated by fears of his increasing power and potential dictatorship. This act sparked a series of civil wars that ultimately led to the rise of Augustus Caesar and the establishment of imperial rule. The event marked a turning point in Roman governance and profoundly influenced the trajectory of Western history.