The principal motivation behind European colonization in Africa was the quest for resources and economic gain. The Industrial Revolution had heightened demand for raw materials to feed burgeoning industries, as well as new markets for finished products. European powers sought to exploit Africa's vast natural wealth, including minerals, rubber, and agricultural products. Additionally, nationalistic and imperial ambitions drove the scramble for Africa, with countries vying for territorial acquisitions to enhance their global standing. The colonization had catastrophic consequences for indigenous populations, leading to exploitation, cultural disruption, and long-lasting socio-economic challenges.