The primary trade commodity in the African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai was gold. These kingdoms flourished between the 9th and 16th centuries, with gold being central to their wealth and power. The abundant gold resources, especially in regions like the Bambuk and Bure goldfields, attracted merchants from across North Africa and beyond. The trade routes established for gold not only facilitated economic prosperity but also led to cultural and intellectual exchanges, including the spread of Islam. Additionally, salt was another significant commodity, essential for preserving food, which further enriched these influential kingdoms.