The primary reason for the fall of the Berlin Wall was the growing desire for freedom and democratic reform in East Germany, fueled by widespread public discontent and a wave of pro-democracy movements across Eastern Europe. The wall, erected in 1961, physically and ideologically divided East and West Berlin. By 1989, mounting protests and calls for reform culminated in the peaceful dismantling of the wall on November 9, symbolizing the end of the Cold War division in Europe. Its fall led to the reunification of Germany and was a pivotal moment in the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe.