The primary political purpose of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 was to overthrow the existing provisional government and establish a socialist state led by the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The revolution arose from widespread discontent among the populace due to economic hardship, military failures during World War I, and the lack of land reform. The Bolsheviks aimed to implement a government based on Marxist principles, redistributing land and resources to the working class and peasantry. The success of the October Revolution paved the way for the establishment of the Soviet Union, fundamentally altering the political landscape of Russia and influencing global communist movements.