The primary language spoken in ancient Rome was Latin. Latin was not only the official language of the Roman Empire, but also the language of administration, law, and literature. As Rome expanded, Latin evolved into various dialects and influenced many languages across Europe, leading to the development of the Romance language family, including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian. Additionally, Latin remains significant in various fields today, including law, medicine, and scientific taxonomy. The preservation of Latin texts through the Middle Ages also played a crucial role in the Renaissance, impacting literature and education in centuries to follow.