The outcome of World War I significantly affected the Ottoman Empire, which dissolved after the war. The empire's defeat led to the signing of the Sèvres Treaty in 1920, carving up its territories and establishing several new nations in the region, ultimately leading to the formation of modern-day Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This marked the end of over six centuries of Ottoman rule and reshaped the political landscape of the Middle East.