The movement advocating for African independence from colonial rule is known as Pan-Africanism. Emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Pan-Africanism sought to unify African people globally and promote the political, economic, and cultural self-determination of African nations. Key figures like W.E.B. Du Bois and Kwame Nkrumah emphasized the importance of solidarity among Africans and the diaspora in resisting colonialism and imperialism. This movement laid the groundwork for various independence movements across the continent, leading to the decolonization of Africa in the mid-20th century and fostering a renewed sense of national identity and autonomy.