The major political upheaval in Russia in October 1917 was the Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the October Revolution. Led by figures such as Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky, the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government established after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II earlier that year. This revolution marked the rise of the Soviet regime and the establishment of a communist government in Russia. The Bolshevik’s seizure of power was characterized by significant popular support among workers and soldiers, leading to the eventual withdrawal of Russia from World War I and the beginning of a civil war that would shape the nation’s future.