The main objective of the Crusades during the Middle Ages was to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Initiated in the late 11th century, these military campaigns were launched by European Christians, particularly in response to perceived threats against Christian sites considered sacred. The Crusades were motivated by religious fervor, a desire for wealth, and the appeal of adventure. Although the initial crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem, subsequent campaigns faced significant resistance and ultimately failed to secure lasting control. The Crusades impacted trade, culture, and relations between Christians and Muslims, leading to lasting historical consequences.