The main impact of the Industrial Revolution on urbanization in the 19th century was the rapid growth of cities as centers of industry. As factories were built and production methods changed, people flocked from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment. This migration led to significant population increases in cities, causing them to expand physically and economically. However, it also resulted in overcrowded living conditions, inadequate infrastructure, and various social challenges, including poverty and disease. The Industrial Revolution fundamentally transformed the socioeconomic landscape, fostering changes that are still evident in modern urban environments.