The main consequence of the Spanish Inquisition was the widespread persecution and expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain, particularly during the late 15th century. Initiated in 1478, it aimed to maintain Catholic orthodoxy by identifying converted Jews and Muslims suspected of secretly practicing their former religions. This led to a substantial loss of cultural and economic contributions to Spanish society and fostered an atmosphere of fear and repression. The Inquisition also had lasting effects on religious tolerance and the historical relationship between different faith communities in Spain.