The cultural impact of the Italian Renaissance in Europe was transformative, leading to a revival of art, literature, and thought that emphasized humanism and classical antiquity. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo explored new techniques and perspectives, elevating the status of the artist in society. The Renaissance also fostered advancements in philosophy and science, encouraging a spirit of inquiry and innovation. This cultural flourishing laid the foundation for modern Western culture and influenced subsequent movements in art and science. The Renaissance's emphasis on individualism and secularism fundamentally challenged medieval traditions.