The Russian Revolution of 1917 was sparked by a multitude of factors, primarily dissatisfaction with the Tsarist regime, economic hardships, and involvement in World War I. Widespread poverty, food shortages, and military failures severely undermined support for Tsar Nicholas II. The February Revolution led to the abdication of the Tsar and the establishment of a provisional government. However, this temporary government failed to address critical issues, leading to the rise of the Bolsheviks, who promised "peace, land, and bread." The October Revolution resulted in the Bolsheviks seizing power, fundamentally altering Russia's political landscape and establishing the first communist state.