What sparked the emergence of labor unions in the 19th century? 🔊
The emergence of labor unions in the 19th century was sparked by the harsh working conditions of the Industrial Revolution, including long hours, low wages, safety hazards, and child labor. Workers increasingly faced exploitation and sought collective representation to negotiate better conditions. Early unions formed as a response to mass protests and strikes, such as the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Haymarket Affair of 1886. This momentum demonstrated that workers could organize against employer power and highlighted the need for reform. Additionally, the influence of social movements advocating for workers’ rights encouraged the establishment of formal labor organizations to advocate for change.
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