Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century, such as John Locke and Montesquieu, advocated for significant political reforms including the separation of powers and the establishment of constitutional government. They challenged the divine right of kings and emphasized rational thought, advocating that governance should be based on social contracts and the consent of the governed. These ideas laid the foundation for modern democratic systems. The Enlightenment also inspired revolutions around the world, ultimately leading to the establishment of more representative and accountable political structures, emphasizing individual rights and liberties.