The region of the world often referred to as the cradle of civilization is Mesopotamia, which lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, primarily in modern-day Iraq. This area is recognized for being one of the earliest places where complex urban centers developed. It is credited with significant advancements such as writing (cuneiform), the wheel, and various early forms of governance and law. Mesopotamia’s rich agricultural land supported the growth of societies that set the foundation for future civilizations, influencing culture, politics, and technology throughout history.