Karl Marx advocated for the political philosophy of socialism, which eventually evolved into communism. He believed that capitalism, characterized by private ownership and class struggle, inherently led to inequality and exploitation of the proletariat (working class) by the bourgeoisie (capitalist class). Marx argued for the overthrow of capitalist systems through revolutionary means, emphasizing the need for a classless society where resources and means of production are communally owned. His ideas, articulated in works like "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," provided foundational concepts for socialist and communist movements, influencing various political ideologies and revolutions throughout the 20th century.