The movement that aimed to preserve the natural environment in the 20th century is known as the Environmental Movement. This movement emerged in response to growing concerns about the degradation of ecosystems and the negative impact of industrialization. Key events, such as the first Earth Day in 1970 and influential publications like Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring," galvanized public awareness and activism surrounding issues like pollution, climate change, and resource conservation. The movement has since evolved to include various approaches, such as sustainable development and conservation efforts, emphasizing the need for balance between human activity and nature.