The start of the Renaissance in Europe is typically marked by the emergence of humanism in the 14th century, particularly in Italy. The Renaissance, meaning "rebirth," arose in response to the Middle Ages, emphasizing a renewed interest in the classical art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. Key figures like Petrarch and Leonardo da Vinci played essential roles in promoting ideas of human potential and creativity. Innovations in art, science, and philosophy flourished during this period, leading to significant developments such as perspective in painting and advances in anatomy. The Renaissance laid the foundation for the modern world, influencing art, culture, and thought for centuries to come.