The beginning of the Renaissance in Europe is marked by the rediscovery of classical antiquity and humanism, which shifted focus from religious to secular themes in art and culture. This cultural revival emerged around the late 14th century, notably in Italy, fueled by advancements in technology, such as the printing press, and the rise of wealthy patrons. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were central figures of this period, emphasizing individualism and innovation. The Renaissance laid the groundwork for modern Western culture by enhancing literature, philosophy, and science.