The major development in transportation that shaped the Industrial Revolution was the advent of the steam engine. Innovated by figures such as James Watt, the steam engine radically transformed industries and transportation systems. It enabled efficient mechanization, powering factories, and significantly improving productivity. Railroads emerged as a result, revolutionizing the movement of goods and people, which facilitated urbanization and expanded markets. The ability to transport raw materials to factories and distribute finished products to consumers lowered costs and increased accessibility. This technological breakthrough not only fueled economic growth but also reshaped social dynamics, connecting regions and contributing to the rise of industrial cities.