The major cultural movement that characterized the end of the Middle Ages is the Renaissance. This period, which began in the 14th century and continued into the 17th century, marked a revival of interest in art, literature, science, and the classical knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance encouraged humanism, emphasizing human potential and achievements, and led to significant developments in various fields, including painting, sculpture, and architecture. This cultural rebirth laid the foundation for the modern era, impacting education, philosophy, and politics throughout Europe and beyond.