The rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe during the early 20th century was fueled by economic instability, social unrest, and the aftermath of World War I. Countries facing crippling debts, hyperinflation, and unemployment were prime conditions for authoritarian figures like Mussolini and Hitler to exploit national discontent and fear. Through promises of national rejuvenation, stability, and security, these leaders gained popular support. Propaganda and suppression of dissent also played critical roles in consolidating their power. Totalitarian regimes rose as a response to perceived threats from political ideologies like communism, resulting in oppressive governance that sought complete control over political, social, and economic life.