The rise of industrial society in the 18th and 19th centuries was driven by several key factors, including technological innovation, an abundance of natural resources, and changes in labor practices. The development of machines and techniques, such as the spinning jenny and power loom, revolutionized production processes. The availability of coal and iron facilitated industrial growth, while capital investment spurred expansion. Additionally, agricultural advancements created a surplus labor force willing to work in factories. This shift from a rural to an urban workforce marked a significant transformation, laying the foundation for modern economies and urban societies.