The establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 arose from a complex interplay of historical, political, and social factors. The Zionist movement, advocating for a Jewish homeland in Palestine, gained traction in the late 19th century amid growing anti-Semitism in Europe. Following World War II and the Holocaust, international support for a Jewish state increased, culminating in the United Nations Partition Plan of 1947. This plan aimed to divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, leading to the declaration of Israel in 1948, which sparked conflict with neighboring Arab nations.