The famous philosopher known for advocating civil liberties and the importance of government by consent is John Locke. Locke’s theories emphasized the protection of natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. He argued that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed, providing a foundation for democratic governance. His writings significantly influenced the Enlightenment and inspired revolutionary movements, including the American Revolution. Locke’s ideas about social contracts and the role of government remain central to modern political philosophy and continue to inform contemporary discussions on democracy and human rights.