The establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 was primarily a result of the Turkish War of Independence, which took place between 1919 and 1923. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, nationalist movements, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, sought to create a new secular state free from foreign influence. Atatürk's leadership and military strategies culminated in a series of victories against the occupying forces, particularly in battles like Sakarya and Dumlupınar. The successful conclusion of the war and subsequent negotiations resulted in the proclamation of the Republic on October 29, 1923, marking a significant transformation in Turkish governance and society.