The event in 1979 that led to a significant change in Iran's political landscape was the Iranian Revolution, which culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy led by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Fueled by widespread discontent over political repression, economic issues, and Western influence, opposition groups, including religious leaders, leftists, and nationalists, mobilized millions to demand reform. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as a pivotal figure, symbolizing the revolution's anti-imperialist and Islamic character. Following the Shah's departure, the revolution led to the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, significantly altering the nation’s governance and foreign relations, as well as instigating a mix of hope and fear across the region.