The Black Death, which ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century, had profound effects on European society. It caused the deaths of an estimated 25 million people, roughly one-third of Europe's population. The massive loss of life led to labor shortages, resulting in increased wages for workers and a weakening of the feudal system. Additionally, the pervasive fear and grief contributed to changes in social structures and a rise in individualism. The Black Death also prompted shifts in religious belief, as many questioned the Church’s role and sought new spiritual understandings in the face of suffering and death.