The concept of checks and balances in government was partially instituted by the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1788. This foundational document established a federal government divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch has distinct powers and responsibilities, along with the ability to check the other branches to prevent abuses of power. This system aims to ensure democratic governance by creating a framework that balances authority. The Constitution's framers drew from Enlightenment ideas about government responsibility and accountability, aiming to protect individual liberties and maintain a balance of power.