The Inca civilization made significant agricultural advancements, particularly in terrace farming and irrigation techniques. They utilized the rugged Andean landscape to create terraces that maximized arable land while simultaneously preventing soil erosion. These terraces allowed for the cultivation of a variety of crops, including potatoes, quinoa, and maize, despite the challenges posed by altitudes and climatic conditions. Additionally, the Incas developed an intricate irrigation system that transported water from highland lakes to their fields, enabling reliable agricultural production that supported their growing population and contributed to the prosperity of the Inca Empire.