The rise of fascism in Europe during the 20th century was influenced by several factors, including economic turmoil, social unrest, and political instability following World War I. The Treaty of Versailles left many nations, particularly Germany and Italy, with feelings of humiliation and resentment, fostering extremist ideologies. The Great Depression exacerbated economic hardships, leading people to seek radical solutions from authoritarian leaders like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Fascism's appeal lay in its promises of national rejuvenation, unity, and order, underpinned by aggressive nationalism and militarism. These conditions culminated in the rise of fascist regimes, which propagated totalitarian control and initiated catastrophic conflicts, including World War II.