The broader societal transformations arising from the Industrial Revolution significantly influenced modern economies. This era marked a shift from agrarian economies to industrialized production, resulting in mass migration to urban areas for employment in factories. The growth of industries led to advancements in technology and increased productivity, contributing to economic expansion. Furthermore, it initiated changes in labor relations, with the rise of trade unions advocating for workers' rights and improved conditions. These transformations laid the groundwork for contemporary capitalist economies and the ongoing debate over labor rights, economic inequality, and environmental sustainability.