The archaeological discovery that provided insight into ancient Egyptian civilization is the Rosetta Stone. Discovered in 1799, this granodiorite stele contains inscriptions in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphics. The stone became crucial in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, effectively unlocking the language and allowing historians to understand ancient texts. The breakthrough in translating these inscriptions offered invaluable knowledge of Egyptian culture, religious practices, and historical records, bridging the gap between ancient and modern understanding of one of history's most fascinating civilizations.