The ancient engineering marvel built by Nebuchadnezzar II is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Although its existence has been debated, it is often described in texts as a remarkable series of tiered gardens, displaying an impressive array of trees, shrubs, and vines. Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 605 to 562 BC, is said to have constructed these gardens to please his wife, Amytis, who longed for the lush, green hills of her homeland. This architectural feat showcased the ingenuity of ancient engineering, particularly in irrigation and landscape design.