The ancient empire known for its advanced irrigation systems and city planning was the Indus Valley Civilization. This civilization flourished around 2500 BC in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. It is noted for its sophisticated urban planning, including grid layouts of cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, and advanced drainage systems. The Indus Valley people were highly skilled in agriculture, creating intricate irrigation networks to support farming. Their contributions to engineering, sanitation, and urban design laid foundations for future civilizations in the region.